84 trang WORD FORMATION luyện thi học sinh giỏi cấp tỉnh THPT, Olympic 30-4... Mã A883009

P1: WORD FORMATION

1. Administrative staff may be _______ through increased automation and efficiency. (SKILL)

deskilled: to reduce the amount of skill that is needed to do a particular job

2. The changes are _______, and will not produce a noticeable effect for 15 to 20 years. (INSIDE)

insidious: ẩn khuất bên trong

3. _______ students could understand easily what the teacher explained to them. (BRAIN)

brainy: thông minh

4. Once a person has attained _______ status in the eyes of the world, it is very hard to break it. (TYPE)

archetypal: nguyên mẫu, không thay đổi

5. Fatigue and boredom combine to cause _______ - one of the biggest reasons people quit. (BURN)

burnout: tình trạng kiệt sức

6. After the recent scandal, he faces a(n) _______ struggle to win back public support before the next election. (HILL)

uphill: khó khăn

7. The figure of total group _______ exactly balances out with the total income. (GO)

outgoings: chi tiêu

8. His book is about Shakespeare's style without getting too involved in the _______ of Shakespeare's language. (MINUTE)

minutiae: chi tiết (số nhiều)

9. The religious conservatives are not _______ of the West and its values. (AMOUR)

enamoured: yêu thích

10. It is said that one woman in five is a(n) _______. Today, pressure usually pushes millions of women to buy beyond their means as an outlet for their frustration. (SHOP)

shopaholic: người nghiện mua sắm

11. A conservation focus on preserving ecosystems not only saves large numbers of species (including ___________(CHARISMA) species that do not receive public support) but also preserves the support systems that maintain life.

non-charismatic: thiếu sức hút

12. The one thing that can be said in favour is that it sends vegans and animal rights activists ___________ (CANDLE) with rage.

incandescent with rage: đầy giận dữ

13. Jargon is a loaded word. One dictionary defined it, neatly and neutrally, as ‘the technical vocabulary or idiom of a special activity or group’, but this sense is almost completely overshadowed by another: ‘obscure and often ___________ (PRETEND) language marked by a ___________ (ROUND) way of expression and use of long words’. It is an essential part of the network of occupations and pursuits that make up society. It is also the chief linguistic element which shows professional awareness (‘know-how’) and social ___________ (TOGETHER) (‘shoptalk’).

If jargon is so essential a part of our lives, why then has it had such a bad press? The most important reason stems from the way jargon can exclude as well as include. We may not be too concerned if we find ourselves faced with a(n) ___________ (PENETRATE) wall of jargon when the subject matter has little perceived relevance to our everyday lives, as in the case of ___________ (HYDRO), say, or linguistics. But when the subject matter is one where we feel implicated, and think we have a right to know, and the speaker uses words which make it hard for us to understand, then we start to complain; and if we suspect that the obfuscation is deliberate policy, we ___________ (RESERVE) condemn, labelling it gobbledegook and calling down public derision upon it.

No area is exempt, but the fields of advertising, politics and defence have been especially criticized in recent years by the various campaigns for Plain English. In these domains, the extent to which people are prepared to use jargon to hide realities is a ready source of amusement, disbelief and horror. A lie is a lie, which can be only temporarily hidden by calling it an ‘___________ (OPERATE) statement’ or ‘an instance of plausible ___________ (DENY)’. Nor can a nuclear plant explosion be suppressed for long behind such phrases as ‘energetic ___________ (ASSEMBLE) ’, ‘abnormal evolution’ or ‘plant ___________ (TRANSIT) ’.

pretentious – roundabout – togetherness – impenetrable – hydrology – unreservedly – inoperative

- undeniability – disassembly – transient

14. The manifesto is long-winded, ___________ and …