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Copyright © 2009 by Bruce Stirling
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ISBN-10: 1-889057-58-4
ISBN-13: 978-1-889057-58-3
Speaking and Writing Strategies for the TOEFL iBT
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TOEFLđ is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Services (ETSđ), Princeton, New Jersey,
USA. The material in this text, including argument maps, speaking and writing prompts, speaking
and writing strategies, speaking and writing sample responses, and the proficiency checklists and
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Contents
DEVELOPING AN ARGUMENT
Arguments and the TOEFL iBT What is an Argument? Personal-Opinion Argument: Deduction Rhetorical Strategies Personal-Opinion Argument: Induction Developing Your Opinion Fact-Based Argument: Deduction Fact-Based Argument: Induction Coherence = A High Score Argument Mapping G+3TiC=C TASK ORDER
WRITING TASKS
INDEPENDENT ESSAY
G+3TiC=C Basic Independent Essay Agree-Disagree Prompts OPDUL=C Preference Prompts Compare - Contrast Prompts
Advantage-Disadvantage Prompts Advantage Prompts Disadvantage Prompts Reason Prompts Quality Prompts Writing Practice Advanced Introduction Strategies Simple Hooks Complex Hooks Advanced Thesis Strategies Pre dictor Thesis Writing a Predictor Thesis Predictor Thesis: Parallelism Gerund Predictor Thesis Predictor Thesis: Using Synonyms 1 Predictor Thesis: When to Write 2 Predictor Thesis: When to Write Advanced Conclusion Strategies Advanced Independent Essays Emergency Independent Essay Contrarian Independent Essay Writing Practice What Have You Learned? INTEGRATED ESSAY
Argument-Counter Argument Essay OPDUL+C ETS’s Testing Method 1 Argument-Counter Argument Essay: Step-by-Step The Black-and-White Rule
Organization: Point-by-Point Style Organization: Block Style Paraphrasing 2 Argument-Counter Argument Essay: Step-by-Step Three Common Problems Writing Practice Show-Support Essay Show Support Essay: Step-by-Step Writing Practice Emergency Integrated Essay152 What Have You Learned?
SPEAKING TASKS
SPEAKING TASK ONE
Independent Task: Single-Question Prompt OPDUL=C Delivery Speaking Subjectively Basic Response 1 Basic Response: Step-by-Step Rating Yourself Rating in a Class How Long Should My Response Be? 2 Basic Response: Step-by-Step 3 Basic Response: Step-by-Step Four Common Problems Help! - My Response is Too Long! Help! - My Response is Too Short! Advanced Strategies
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