Đề ôn thi học sinh giỏi môn Tiếng Anh 9

SOME STRESS PATTERN RULES

1. Two- syllable verbs ( adj/ adv) - Stresses on the 2nd syllables when :

+ a long vowel ( Nguyên âm dài) + a dipthong ( but /əu/)( nguyên âm đôi)(ngoại trừ âm /əu/) + > 1 final cosonant ( có hơn 1 phụ âm cuối) Eg: refer/ rifз:r/ Design/ dizain/ Assist Borrow follow - stresses on the 1st syllables when:

+ a short vowel + 1 or no final consonant Eg: visit enter open finish * Exceptions : Permit /pə’mit/ 2. Two- syllable nouns . - Stresses on the 2nd syllables when:

+ A diphthong ( but /əu/) + A long vowel Eg: Advice design machine * Exceptions : insight discord( sự bất hòa) But : sorrow - Stresses on the 1st syllables: the rest

student money apple

*Adjectives (same rule as verbs ) Happy, Clever, Correct, Extreme

Exceptions

Present, perfect, honest

3. Three – syllable verbs ( 3rd syllables) 3.1- Stresses on 2nd syllables:

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+ a short vowel + <= 1 final consonant Eg: encounter determine consider

3.2- Syllables end with : + a long vowel, a ditpthong( but /əu/), > 1 final cosonant ; stresses on themselves Eg: Understand introduce Entertain recollect interrupt recommend Exceptions: Verbs ending with “ish”

Establish Demolish –phá hủy Accomplish- hoàn thành 3.3 If the 3rd syllables consist of suffixes: - ate, -fy, /-ai/, the stresses on the 1st syllables. Eg: concentrate accurate certify criticise

4. Three- syllable nouns 4.1. If the 3rd syllables consist of a short vowel or /əu/ ;

and the 2nd syllables consist of : + A long vowel +A diphthong + > 1 consonant The stresses on 2nd syllables Eg: potato

disaster volcano tomorrow advantage 4.2. The stresses on the 1st syllables, if the 3rd syllables consist of

+ a short vowel + a dipthong /əu/ + > 1 final consonant Eg: quantity accident photograph cinema animal elephant character marigold

* Adjectives: (same rule as nouns )

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5. Compound words( từ ghép)

5.1 – Noun + noun: the stresses on the 1st syllables Eg: handbag schoolyard taxidriver 5.2 – Adjective + noun : the stresses on nouns Eg: loudspeaker first-class Exceptions:

Greenhouse gentleman background blackboard blackmail whitehouse supermarket superstructure infrastructure 6. Complex words( prefix-tiền tố, suffix- hậu tố)

6.1 - Prefixes: Most of prefixes don’t affect the stress of the word Ex: unhappy Irregular incorrect But there are some exceptions

- Nonsense – vô lí - Semicircle – hình bán nguyệt - Semibreve -nốt tròn 6.2 – Suffixes: 1.Suffixes carrying stress

- “ee” refugee trainee

Exception: employee Committee

Coffee oversee - “eer” career engineer volunteer - “ese” Vietnamese Japanese - “ette” cigarette Launderette- hiệu giặt tự động

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- “ality; ility” personality flexibility ability - “esque; ique” picturesque unique technique Note: the suffix “al” doesn’t affect the stress but for words ending in “ent” Ex: Refuse  Refusal Accidental, environmental, experimental, instrumental Exception: Origin  original

2. The suffixes have stress preceding them( những hậu tố có trọng âm đứng trước nó)

eous advantageous graphy Geography, photography, ( photo, photograph, photographer ) ial commercial, proverbial ic climatic, economic, scientific ion/tion/sion perfection, nation, education ious religious, delicious, injurious ive/itive/ relative, sensitive, informative, inventive ative Note: ise/ize/fy/ate/logy/logist/cracy: the stress will fall on the 3rd syllable from the end of the word Ex: modernize, classify, liberate, democracy, technology, psychologist

*Levels of stress: Primary stress: We put a high mark ' before the syllable Secondary stress: We put a low mark , before the syllable Secondary stress only appears when the primary stress falls on the third syllable to the end of the word Secondary stress precedes primary stress one syllable Ex: conventional consumer conservation container Note: - We often have a weak vowel before the stress In American English, the vowel “I” often becomes “ә” so we should be careful when …