Chuyên đề The passive voice

Truong Huu Huong – Lao Bao High School 1

THE PASSIVE VOICE * Thể chủ động (active voice) là cách đặt câu mà chủ từ đóng vai trò chủ động. - Mr. Brown wrote the report yesterday. - He has already finished his homework. * Thể thụ động (passive voice) là cách đặt câu mà chủ từ đóng vai trò bị động. - That house was built 100 years ago. - Those windows are painted blue.  Passive sentence : S + be + past participle 1/ Hãy quan sát ví dụ sau :

* Active : Tom broke the chair yesterday. S V O * Passive : The chair was broken by Tom yesterday. S be + P.P by doer 2/ Ghi nhớ: Cách đổi một câu từ active sang passive :

* Lấy túc từ (O) trong câu chủ động xuống làm chủ từ (S) trong câu thụ động. * Nhận xét xem động từ chia trong câu chủ động ở thì nào, ta chia TO BE ở thì đó rồi viết động từ chính ở dạng quá khứ phân từ (p.p). * Lấy chủ từ (S) trong câu chủ động xuống làm doer trong câu thụ động, nhớ viết BY ngay đằng trước.* Trạng từ giữ nguyên không đổi và thường đặt cuối câu (nếu là trạng từ chỉ thời gian). 3/ Một vài ví dụ khác : + (a) simple present : [Subject+ am / is / are + P.P ]

- Mr.Green teaches history.  History is taught by Mr.Green. + (b) present perfect : [ S + has / have + been + p.p ]

- He has just done his homework.

 His homework has just been done by him. + (c) present continuous : [ S + am / is / are / + being + p.p]

- She is cleaning the windows.  The windows are being cleaned by her. + (d) simple past : [ S + was / were + p.p]

- The boss sacked ten workers.  Ten workers were sacked by the boss. + (e) past perfect : [ S + had been + p.p]

- Mary had written the letter.  The letter had been written by Mary. + (f) Past continuous : [ S + was / were + being + p.p]

- The police were questioning Tom.  Tom was being questioned by the police. + (g) simple future: [ S + will / shall + be + p.p]

- John will deliver the letter.  The letter will be delivered by John. + (h) Modal verbs : [ S + must / can / may … + be + p.p]

- He must do it right now.  It must be done by him right now. + (i) special structures : [ S + is / are going to + be + p.p]

- The engineers are going to build the bridge.  The bridge is going to be built by the engineers. (… còn áp dụng với các cấu trúc khác như : have to, had to, used to, ought to …) + (j) 2 objects :

- They gave me a present yesterday.  I was given a present yesterday(by them).  A present was given to me yesterday(by them).

(Nếu sau BY là them / people / someone / somebody…ta có thể bỏ đi) + (k) perception verb with bare infinitive : [ S + be – p.p + to inf ]

- I never hear him shout at his children.  He is never heard to shout at his children. + (l) perception verb with present partciple : [ S + be – p.p + V-ing ]

- I saw the boy coming into the room.  The boy was seen coming into the room. + (m) With ‘make’ : [ S + be – made + to inf ]

- They made me do it.

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