Lý thuyết Câu so sánh trong tiếng Anh

COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS 1. So sánh bằng (equality comparison)

S1 + V + as adj/ adv + as + S2 ( be / auxiliary verb )

Note : ở thể phủ định và nghi vấn ta có thể dùng so/as + adj / adv as Eg: He is as tall as his father. His job is not so difficult as mine. Eg: Mary doesn't write her lessons as badly as she did last year. Last year , Mary didn't write her lessons as carefully as she does. Note: S +be/V+the same +(noun) + as +S. Eg: My house is as high as his. My house is the same height as his. Eg: He isn’t as old as I am  He isn’t the same age as I 2. So sánh hơn ( superiority comparison ) a. Đối với tính từ và trạng từ ngắn vần

S1 + V + adj/ adv + er + than + S2 ( be / auxiliary verb )

Eg: Today it is hotter than it was yesterday. He works harder than he did last year. Does your mother type faster than your father ? Note : Những tính từ dài vần mà tận cùng có các đuôi sau đây thì ta so sánh như tính từ ngắn vần

y , ow, er, et Eg : We are happier than he (is) . Eg : Our class is much noisier than theirs Eg : Tran Hung Dao street is narrower than Tran Phu street . Eg : He is cleverer than his sister . Eg : Countryside is quieter than cities . a. Đối với tính từ và trạng từ dài vần

S1 + V + more adj/ adv + than + S2 ( be / auxiliary verb )

Eg : She is more careful than her mother (is) . Eg : Are you more tired than I am ? Eg : He sings more beautifully than other competitors . - So sánh hơn có thể được nhấn mạnh bằng cách cộng thêm ‘much’ hoặc ‘far’. S + V + far/ much + short Adj/ Adv + er + than + noun/ pronoun. eg. Today is much hotter than yesterday. - Nhấn mạnh : S + V + far/ much + more + long Adj/ Adv + than + noun/ pronoun. eg. Hoa’s watch is much/ far more expensive than mine. He reads much more rapidly than his brother. 3.So sánh nhất ( superlative comparison ): a. Đối với tính từ và trạng từ ngắn vần S + V + the adj/ adv + est

Eg : This street is the longest in our city . a. Đối với tính từ và trạng từ dài vần

S + V + the most adj/ adv

Eg : Miss Venezuela is the most beautiful in the Miss world contest . Eg : He did this work the most successfully . Eg. Mary is the most beautiful of the three sisters /of all. Note : Những tính từ và trạng từ bất quy tắc khi so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất . good / well  better  the best bad / badly  worse  the worst many / much  more  the most far  farther  the farthest furhter the furthest little  less  the least Old older/ elder/ oldest/eldest Eg : Children in big cities learn English better than the ones in countryside .

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Eg : He is the worst player in his team . Eg : I have more English books than yours 4. So sánh kép ( double comparison ) a.

The + comparative + S + V , the + comparative + S + V ( càng……. Càng )

Eg : The more you learn , the better you are . Eg : The longer the journey is , the more tired we feel . Eg : The better you play , the more money you will receive . b.

S + V + short adj/ adv + er + and + short adj/ adv + er S + V + more and more + long adj/ adv: ( càng ngày càng … ) Eg : It is colder and colder when the winter comes near . Eg : She speaks English more and more fluently . Eg : He plays football worse and worse . 5. So sánh kém : a. So sánh kém hơn :

S1 + V + LESS ADJ + THAN + S2

Eg : She is less intelligent than her sister . Eg : Miss Viet Nam is less beautiful than Miss Russia .

So sánh kém hơn He is less kind than she. He is less intelligent than she.

b. So sánh kém nhất :

S + V + THE LEAST ADJ (N) Eg : She is the least beautiful of all in her family .

So sánh kém nhất He is the least kind (person) of all. He is the least intelligent (person) of all.

6. Danh từ cũng có thể được dùng trong so sánh: S + V + as + many/ much/ little/ few + noun +as + noun/ pronoun. hoặc S + V + more/ fewer/ less + noun + than + noun/ pronoun. eg. He earns as much money as his brother. I have more books than she does.

7. Một số dạng so sánh đặc biệt : a.

ADJ + AS + S + BE , S + … ADV V Eg : strong as he is , he …