Lý thuyết và bài tập Gerund - Infinitive

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GERUND - INFINITIVE a/. GERUND: (V- ing)

* used as a subject, object, complement EX: - Swimming is my favourite sport. - My favourite sport is swimming. * used after: 1. admit, avoid, begin, consider, continue, delay, deny, (dis)like, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practice, prevent, start, suggest EX: I missed meeting my old friends. 2. Prepositions EX: I’m fond of listening to classical music. 3. It’s no use / good (chẳng ích gì) EX: It’s no use helping these lazy pupils. 4. There’s no point (in) (không cần thiết) EX: There’s no point (in) remembering their names. 5. a waste of time / money EX: It’s a waste of time playing video games. 6. have fun / difficulty / trouble a hard / good / difficult time EX: I have difficulty looking for a job. 7. be worth / busy EX: This book is worth reading. 8. can’t help / resist (không thể không) EX: I can’t help laughing. 9. can’t bear / stand (không chịu được) EX: I can’t bear waiting for someone for so long. 10. need (passive meaning) EX: My hair needs cutting. 11. be / get used to EX: We’re used to living in this crowded city. 12. look forward to EX: I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. b/. BARE INFINITIVE: (V 0) is used after:

1. modal verbs EX: I can swim. 2. make / let EX: Sad movies always make me cry. 3. had better, would rather / sooner (muốn/thà), used to EX: I’d rather stay at home. 4. do nothing / anything / everything but (except) EX: He does nothing but complain. c/. GERUND or INFINITIVE:

GERUND (V – ing) FULL INFINITIVE (To – V)

1. SPEND / WASTE time / money + V-ing

EX: I spent 10 minutes cooking my meal.

2. TRY = do sth as an experiment (thử)

EX: I try mixing these substances to make a new one.

3. STOP (ngừng việc đang làm)

EX: I’m working. I stop working.

4. ADVISE / ALLOW / PERMIT

EX: They don’t allow smoking here.

5. REMEMBER / FORGET / REGRET (hành động

V-ing đã xảy ra)

EX: I remember going to school for the first time.

5. LEARN: học môn học

EX: She has to learn spelling

5. MEAN: có nghĩa là

EX: Failure on the exam means having to learn one

more year.

1. IT TAKES / TOOK + O + time + to V

EX: It took me 10 minutes to cook my meal.

2. TRY = attempt (cố gắng)

EX: As students, we must try to study well.

3. STOP (ngừng 1 việc để làm việc khác)

EX: I’m working. I stop to smoke.

4. ADVISE / ALLOW / PERMIT + O + to V

EX: They don’t allow us to smoke here.

5. REMEMBER / FORGET / REGRET (hành động

To V chưa xảy ra)

* REGRET + to tell / to inform

EX: Before going out, remember to lock the doors.

5. LEARN: học kỹ năng

EX: I’m learning to play the piano.

5. MEAN: có ý định

EX: I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt you.

GERUND (V – ing) BARE INFINITIVE (V 0)

1. SEE / WATCH / HEAR / NOTICE / FEEL / SMELL (hành động dài, chứng kiến 1 phần)

1. SEE / WATCH / HEAR / NOTICE / FEEL (hành động ngắn, chứng kiến từ đầu đến cuối)

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1. They never want me (eat)………………………………… whatever I want to. 2. My parents let me (go)…………………………………….. out every weekend. 3. During apartheid, Black people weren't allowed (sit) …………………………on White benches. 4. Our English teacher wants us (work)…………………………………… hard. 5. My mother made me (do)……………………………………. the housework yesterday. 6. They didn't expect their children (be)………………………………….. serious during their absence. 7. Where do you want her (meet)……………………………………… you? 8. I would like you (stop)…………………………………………….. complaining 9. I'm not allowed (drink)……………………………… or (smoke)…………………………. at home. 10. They will never let me (wear)…………………………………… pearcings or have tattoos. 11. I like listening (music)……………………………………… when I am tired. 12. While she was in that country she spent all her days (sightsee)…………………….. the imperial cities. 13. When I saw his performance, I couldn't help (laugh)……………………………………… 14. He gave up (smoke)……………………………………….. many years ago. 15. I hate (sleep)…………………………………………… in the dark. 16. Would you …