Lý thuyết và bài tập The passive voice

THE PASSIVE VOICE * Thể chủ động (active voice) - Mr. Brown wrote the report yesterday. - He has already finished his homework. * Theå thuï ñoäng (passive voice) - That house was built 100 years ago. - Those windows are painted blue.  Passive sentence : S + be + past participle 1/ Haõy quan saùt ví duï sau :

* Active : Tom broke the chair yesterday. S V O * Passive : The chair was broken by Tom yesterday. S be + P.P by doer 2/ Ghi nhớ: cách biến đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động

* lấy Tân ngữ của câu chủ động xuống làm chủ ngữ của câu bi động * chia to be cùng thì với động từ chính của câu chủ động và hợp với chủ ngữ của câu bị động * đưa chủ ngữ của câu chủ động xuống làm tân ngữ của câu bị động, đặt sau By. * Vị trí: By Object : + đứng trước trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian + sau trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn 3/ Một vài ví dụ khác: + (a) simple present : [Subject+ am / is / are + P.P ]

- Mr.Green teaches history.  History is taught by Mr.Green. + (b) present perfect : [ S + has / have + been + p.p ]

- He has just done his homework.

 His homework has just been done by him. + (c) present continuous : [ S + am / is / are / + being + p.p]

- She is cleaning the windows.  The windows are being cleaned by her. + (d) simple past : [ S + was / were + p.p]

- The boss sacked ten workers.  Ten workers were sacked by the boss. + (e) past perfect : [ S + had been + p.p]

- Mary had written the letter.  The letter had been written by Mary. + (f) Past continuous : [ S + was / were + being + p.p]

- The police were questioning Tom.  Tom was being questioned by the police. + (g) simple future: [ S + will / shall + be + p.p]

- John will deliver the letter.  The letter will be delivered by John. + (h) Modal verbs : [ S + must / can / may … + be + p.p]

- He must do it right now.  It must be done by him right now. + (i) special structures : [ S + is / are going to + be + p.p]

- The engineers are going to build the bridge.  The bridge is going to be built by the engineers. (… còn áp dụng với các cấu trúc khác như : have to, had to, used to, ought to …) + (j) 2 objects :

- They gave me a present yesterday.  I was given a present yesterday(by them).  A present was given to me yesterday(by them).

(Nếu sau BY là them / people / someone / somebody…ta có thể bỏ đi) + (k) perception verb with bare infinitive : [ S + be – p.p + to inf ]

- I never hear him shout at his children.  He is never heard to shout at his children. + (l) perception verb with present partciple : [ S + be – p.p + V-ing ]

- I saw the boy coming into the room.  The boy was seen coming into the room.

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+ (m) With ‘make’ : [ S + be – made + to inf ]

- They made me do it.  I was made to do it. + (n) With ‘let’ : [ S + be – let + bare inf ]

- They let him do it.  He was let do it. + (o) With ‘begin or start’: [ S + begin / start + to be + p.p ]

- They began to build the house in 1980.  The house began to be built in 1980. + (p) With “say, report, rumour…’:

- People say that prevention is better than cure.  It is said that prevention is better than cure.  Prevention is said to be better than cure. (…cách này dc áp dụng cho các từ như: SAY, REPORT, THINK, BELIEVE, RUMOUR…)

+ (q) câu nmeenhj lệnh : [ Let + O + be – p.p ]

- Open the door, please.  Let the door be opened, please. EXERCISE I : Supply the correct tense and voice. 1/ Everyone (shock) … was shocked … by the news yesterday. 2/ Almost everyone (enjoy)… enjoyed … the lecture last night. 3/ English (speak) _________ all over the world. 4/ A terrible accident (happen) _________ right here at 6 o’clock last night. 5/ Mr. Smith (teach) _________ at this university since 1985. 6/ Not much (say) _________ about the matter since last week. 7/ He (borrow) _________ the money from her two weeks ago. 8/ A new textbook (publish) _________ by that company next year.9/ Everything (go) _________ well so far. There (be) _________ no trouble yet.10/ Who the book (write) _________ by ? 11/ Think carefully. …