Bài tập Câu điều kiện (Nâng cao)

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES I. Structure

Function If- clause Main clause Probability Simple Present Verb: V1/s/es/ don’t/ doesn’t Be: am/ is/ are (not) + ….

Simple Future Verb: will (not) + V1 Be: will (not) be + Truth Simple Preset Simple Present

1

Request Simple Present Imperative (don’t) V1 2 Unreal present

Past Subjunctive Verb: V2/ed / didn’t V1 Be: were/ weren’t ….

Future in the past Verb: would (not) V1 Be: would (not) be .. 3 Unreal past Past Perfect Subjunctive Verb: had (not) + V3/ed Be: had (not) been …

Verb: would(n’t) have V3 Be: would not have been Ex: - If it (not rain) ________________, we will have a picnic. - If you heat ice, it (melt) _____________. - If she comes, please (let) ____________ me know. - If I were in your shoes, I (not, do) _____________ that. - If I (water) ___________ the plants, they wouldn’t have died.

*Note: 1. Adv of time - Present: now, today, right now, at the moment,…  Type 2 - Past: last, ago, yesterday,…  Type 3 - Future: next week, tomorrow  Type 1 Ex: - If you (be) ____________ busy tomorrow, can you let me know ? - If she (study) ______________ hard yesterday, she (pass) _______________ the exam 2. Mix type: - Usually mix between type 2 and 3 Ex: - If she (eat) _______________ something last night, she (not, be) ________________ hungry now. - If I (take) _______________ the train last night, I (be) ______________ here with you now.

- If it (rain) _______________ an hour ago, the streets (be) __________ wet now. - If the students (know) _______________ that is not good for them, they (do) ________________ that yesterday. - If she (finish) _____________ the job earlier, she (be) _____________ going to the party tonight. 3. Special types

If + S + should (not) + be/ V1 , S + will (not) + be/ V1 + …  Unexpected things Ex: If she should come, please tell me immediately so I can prepare something for her.

If + S + will + V1, S + will (not) + be + V1 + …  Polite request (for type 1) Ex: If you will just wait a moment, I will find someone to help you. = Please wait a moment, I will find someone to help you.

If + S + should (not) / were to + V1, S + would + (not) be/ V1 + …  Unsure things Ex: If she were to see you here, she would very surprised.

If + S + would + V1, S + would (not) + be + V1 + …  Polite request (for type 2) Ex: If you would come this way, the doctor would see you now. 4. Continuous tense in conditional sentences Ex: - If you are waiting for the bus, please join the line. - If we were going by boat, we would feel more relaxed. - If I hadn’t been wearing seatbelt at that moment, I would have been seriously injured.  Emphasize the continuance 5. Alternative modal verb - Instead of will/ would in main clause, we can use:

+ must/ have to  obligation + may/ might  probability + can/ could  ability Ex: - If it rains, we are going to stay at home. - If you were in Britain, you had to drive on the left side. - If Mary jogs regularly, she may lose weight.

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II. Alternative of If clause - Unless = If … not … Ex: Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam. (= If you don’t study hard) - Provided/ Providing that/ As soon as/ On condition (that): miễn là Ex: You can use my car, provided that you drive carefully. - Suppose/ Supposing that: giả sử là … (NOT with type 1) Ex: Suppose the meeting is put off, what will we do? - In case = in the event that: trong trường hợp Ex: In case it rains, please bring along a raincoat. - Even if: ngay cả khi Ex: Even if we are poor, we will always help other people. - But for = Without: nếu không có If it weren’t for = Were it not for If it hadn’t been for = Had it not been for + Nphrase, S + would V1 But for or: would have V3 Without Ex: But for your help, I couldn’t have passed the exam. - or/ or else/ ortherwise S + (don’t/ doesn’t) V1/s-es + or/ or else + S + will (not) + V1 S + (don’t/ doesn’t) V1/s-es . Otherwise, S + will (not) + V1 Ex: Hurry up or you will miss the train!

III. Inversion of If – clause If + …