Từ vựng và ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh lớp 12 - Bài Cultural diversity

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Unit 7 – CULTURAL DIVERSITY

A. Grammar – Comparative and superlative adjectives

REGULAR COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS

Adjectives Example Comparative (two people/things)

Superlative (more than two people/things)

of 1 syllable

tall close sad

taller (than) closer (than) sadder (than)

the tallest (of/in) the closest (of/in) the saddest (of/in)

of 2 syllables ending in -ly, -y, -w

happy narrow friendly

happier (than) /

less happy (than) narrower (than) / less narrow (than) friendlier (than) / less friendly (than)

the happiest (of/in) the narrowest (of/in) the friendliest (of/in)

of two or more syllables

modern beautiful

more / less modern (than) more / less beautiful (than)

the most /least modern (of/in) the most / least beautiful (of/in)

 Some two-syllable adjectives such as clever, cruel, friendly, gentle, narrow, shallow,

simple, stupid, quiet form their comparative and superlative forms with -er/-est or more/most. e.g. narrow - narrower - narrowest ALSO narrow - more narrow - most narrow

 We tend not to use less and least to form comparatives and superlatives with one-syllable

adjectives. Instead, we use their antonyms. e.g. bigger / smaller (instead of less big)

IRREGULAR FORMS

Adjectives Comparative Superlative

further/farther = longer (in distance) His office is further/farther away than mine. further (adj) = more I need further information on this.

good bad much many / a lot of little far far

better worse more more less farther further

best worst most most least farthest furthest

B. Vocabulary

WORD MEANING FAMILY WORDS / COLLOCATION

alert (adj.) /əˈlɜːt/

tỉnh táo

− alert (v.) − alert (n.) altar (n.) /ˈɔːltə(r)/

bàn thờ

ancestor (n.) /ˈænsestə(r)/

tổ tiên − ancestry (n.) − ancestral (adj.)

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aquarius (n) /əˈkweəriəs/

cung Thuỷ Bình

aries (n.) /ˈeəriːz/

cung Bạch Dương

assignment (n.) /əˈsaɪnmənt/

bài tập

− assign (v.) − assignee (n.) best man (n.) phù rể bride (n) /braɪd/

cô dâu − bridal (adj.)

bridegroom (n.) /ˈbraɪdˌɡruːm/

chú rể

bridesmaid (n.) /ˈbraɪdzˌmeɪd/

phù dâu

cancer (n.) /ˈkænsə(r)/

cung Cự Giải

capricorn (n.) /ˈkæprɪkɔːn/

cung Ma Kết

complicated (adj.) /ˈkɒmplɪˌkeɪtɪd/

phức tạp, rối rắm

− complicate (v.) ≠ simplify (v.) − complication (n.) contrast (n.) /ˈkɒntrɑːst/

tương phản

− contrast (v.) − /kənˈtrɑːst/ crowded (adj.) with /ˈkraʊdɪd/

đông đúc

− crowd (n.)

decent (adj.) /ˈdiːs(ə)nt/

đàng hoàng, tử tế

≠ indecent (adj.) − decency (n.) ≠ indecency (n.) diversity (n.) /daɪˈvɜːsəti/

sự đa dạng

− diversify (v.) − diversification (n.) − diverse (adj.) engaged (adj.) /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒd/

đính hôn

− engagement (n.) − engage (v.) export (n.) /ˈekspɔːt/

hàng xuất khẩu

− export (v.)

favourable (adj.) /ˈfeɪvərəb(ə)l/

thuận lợi − favour (v.) − do sb a favour (n.) fortune (n.) /ˈfɔːtʃuːn/

− gia tài − to make a fortune − vận may ≠ misfortune

− fortunate (adj.)

≠ unfortunate (adj.) − fortunately (adv.)

≠ unfortunately (adv.) funeral (n.) /ˈfjuːnərəl/

đám tang

− a funeral procession (n. phr.) − a funeral home (n. phr.) garter (n.) /ˈɡɑːtə(r)/

vòng vớ dài

gemini (n.) /ˈdʒemɪnaɪ/

cung Song Tử

handkerchief (n.) /ˈhæŋkəˌtʃɪf/

khăn tay